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tallies it all “That’s under-the-hood information that you can only garner from analysing different data points So I started doing that with myself” His weight exercise habits caloric intake sleep patterns – they’re all quantified and graphed like a quarterly revenue statement And just as a business trims costs when profits dip Galpert makes decisions about his day based on his personal analytics: too many calories coming from carbs Say no to rice and bread at lunchtime Not enough REM sleep Reschedule that important business meeting for tomorrow The founder of his own online company Galpert is one of a growing number of “self-quantifiers” Moving in the technology circles of New York and Silicon Valley engineers and entrepreneurs have begun applying a tenet of the computer business to their personal health: “One cannot change or control that which one cannot measure” Much as an engineer will analyse data and tweak specifications in order to optimise a software program people are collecting and correlating data on the “inputs and outputs” of their bodies to optimise physical and mental performance“We like to hack hardware and software why not hack our bodies” says Tim Chang a self-quantifier and Silicon Valley investor who is backing the development of several self-tracking gadgetsIndeed why not give yourself an “upgrade” says Dave Asprey a “bio-hacker” who takes self-quantification to the extreme of self-experimentation He claims to have shaved 20 years off his biochemistry and increased his IQ by as much as 40 points through “smart pills” diet and biology-enhancing gadgets “I’ve rewired my brain” he says Asprey shares his results with the CEOs and venture capitalists he consults with through his executive coaching business BulletProofExecutive but he’s found an even more welcoming audience at the first-ever international Over the last weekend of May in the upstairs of the Computer History Museum in Mountain View California in the heart of Silicon Valley 400 “Quantified-Selfers” from around the globe have gathered to show off their Excel sheets databases and gadgets Participants are mostly middle to upper class mostly white Europe is well represented Suits and skirts appear at a minimum There are plenty of nerdy young men nerdy older men and extremely fit men and women with defined muscles and glowing skin There is also a robust contingent of young urban hipsters in military boots hoodies and elaborate tattoos A quiet middle-aged man walks around with a pulse monitor clipped to his earlobe a blood pressure cuff on his arm and a heart rate monitor strapped around his chest all feeding a stream of data to his walkie-talkie-like computer Someone from the UK unrolls a 12ft line graph charting the fluctuations in his mood over the previous year A Canadian graduate student describes the web tools he uses to track his attention span Footsteps sweat caffeine memories stress even sex and dating habits – it can all be calculated and scored like a baseball batting average And if there isn’t already an app or a device for tracking it one will probably appear in the next few yearsBrittany Bohnet who was converted into a self-quantifier while working at Google says she expects these gadgets will follow us in all aspects of our lives – even the most private “Eventually we’ll get to a point where we use the restroom and we’ll get a meter that tells us ‘You’re deficient in vitamin B’” she says “That will be the end goal where we understand exactly what our bodies need”“We’re moving away from the era of the blockbuster drug and toward personalised medicine” adds Joe Betts-LaCroix a self-tracker and bio-engineer He opens a laptop with graphs of his weight and that of his wife Lisa and two kids measured daily for the last three years He has data detailing his wife’s menstrual cycle for 10 years“I was giving birth to our son and instead of holding my hand and supporting me and hugging me he was sitting in the corner entering the time between my contractions into a spreadsheet” says Lisa Betts-LaCroix The concept of self-tracking dates back centuries Modern body hackers are fond of referencing Benjamin Franklin who kept a list of 13 virtues and put a check mark next to each when he violated it The accumulated data motivated him to refine his moral compass Then there were scientists who tested treatments or vaccines for yellow fever typhoid and Aids on themselves Today’s medical innovators have made incredible advancements in devices such as pacemakers that send continuous heart data to a doctor’s computer or implantable insulin pumps for diabetics that automatically read glucose levels and inject insulin without any human effortToday in Silicon Valley the engineers who have developed devices for tracking their own habits are modifying them into consumer-friendly versions and preparing to launch them on a largely unsuspecting public Though most people would cringe at the idea of getting a mineral read-out every time they visit the loo entrepreneurs and venture capitalists see a huge market for consumer-focused health and wellness tools using the $105bn self-help market and $61bn weight loss market as indicators of demand Self-quantifiers who work at large technology companies such as Intel Microsoft and Philips are drawing their bosses’ attention to the commercial opportunities Public health advocates and healthcare executives are starting to imagine the potential the data could hold for disease management and personalised drug development“We can see the tipping point” says Gary Wolf one of the founders of the modern-day quantified self movement and an organiser of the conference “The involvement of the businesses is a sign that we’re not completely alone in seeing something important happening” Tim Chang the Silicon Valley investor says that self-tracking will win minds and wallets the same way the Green movement put Priuses on the road and grapefruit-powered cleaners under the sink “Over the next five to 10 years self-tracking will be critical to wellness” Chang says “It will be consumer-led not prescribed by your doctor or mandated by your insurance company” For now though it’s in the “geeky early adopter stage” Chang and many of the attendees of the Quantified Self conference liken themselves to the Homebrew Computer Club of the 1970s and ’80s the Silicon Valley gathering of technical hobbyists – including Apple founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak – who swore personal computers would one day grace every home Quantified-selfers who are inventing personal tracking gadgets in their basements “will have the same scope of impact” Chang saysThe self-tracking equivalent of an early model 30lb four-part desktop computer is Fujitsu Laboratories’ Sprout as worn by software engineer Alex Gilman at the Quantified Self Conference: a maze of sensors and wires send data from his ear chest and arm to the pocket-sized computer clipped to his belt – the Sprout The Sprout synchronises the physical data from the body sensors and from the apps on his iPod Touch where he records his moods and drowsiness levels What is now a mess of raw useless data can be calculated and translated into a neat graph that will eventually be used to measure stress and fatigue manage weight loss even predict illness The potential of the Sprout is intriguing but mass appeal will only come when such devices are consolidated into small wireless all-in-one products that make data collection completely passive says Chang Most will require little to no human effort and some will even be “game-ified” he says made as fun and addictive as Angry Birds Through his firm Norwest Venture Partners Chang is placing his bets on Basis a wristwatch-type device that records heart rate physical activity calorie burn and sleep patterns Data readouts show spikes in heart rate data so users can see when they’re stressed and overlay that data with their work calendar to see which people or meetings might be the cause When Chang tried a prototype he noticed peaks in heart rate during his morning commute and decided to shift his route to a longer but less busy highway It’s the interesting useful easy-to-digest information like this he says that will push these devices into the hands of ordinary users When the benefits of the information outweigh the costs in money or time people will buy the devices says Tim Ferriss author of The 4-Hour Body an account of hundreds of body hacks he tried on himself which has won a following among employees at Google Facebook and many Silicon Valley start-ups Through his exploits Ferriss claims that he can teach people how to lose weight without exercise maintain peak mental performance on two hours’ sleep and have a 15-minute orgasm Ferriss has personally invested in at least eight devices“I think as soon as the next 12 or 24 months that people will have to opt out of self-tracking as opposed to opt in” he says “much like GPS and geo tagging” a feature of smartphones that records users’ geographic location automatically for use in various consumer mobile applicationsThe implications for privacy are dramatic Advocates and politicians were in an uproar when they realised the kind of access that Apple and Google have to geographic data derived from phones Imagining three years worth of heart rate data or depression symptoms travelling through mobile devices – potentially being offered for sale to drug or insurance companies exploited by advertisers or hacked by cyber criminals – puts watchdog groups on alert“What consumers need to realise is there’s a huge huge demand for information about their activities and the protections for the information about their activities are far far far less than what they think” says Lee Tien a privacy attorney at the Electronic Frontier Foundation “A lot of these cloud services fall outside the federal and state privacy regimes” Mistakes will be made Ferriss concedes but he thinks “more good will come from it than bad” He points to websites such as and which harness individually collected data on conditions such as asthma kidney disease chronic pain and depression People can then experiment with traditional and alternative therapies to find what works for them That information is already informing new research and drug developmentSome doctors and public health advocates see great potential for personal tracking in managing chronic illnesses especially among the rapidly ageing baby boomer generation Mobile applications can track levels of blood sugar in diabetics or blood pressure in people with hypertension and send alerts if a problem is developing Movement-tracking sensors the size of watch batteries – like the one in the Basis wristwatch – can be placed on pill bottles to monitor if a medication has been taken and if a dose is missed generate a reminder text or e-mail “We believe it’s a differentiator that will help employers save costs” says Nick Martin vice-president of innovation with the UnitedHealth Group a Minneapolis-based health insurance company that is considering covering the use of health-tracking technologies This means that people’s personal health details could be shared not just with their doctor but with their insurer as well But Martin says concerns about this will fade fast “We’ve seen this with credit cards and payments over mobile phones” he says where consumers gradually adapted to sharing financial information over the ether “We’ve gotten over that hurdle and I think we will here” Still seniors and boomers are much less inclined to spill the details of their personal lives than the Facebook-ed generations after them And to believe that even twenty- and thirtysomethings don’t have limits to what they want others to know or what they even want to know about themselves seems wishful Despite promises of confidentiality people fear they will be charged higher insurance premiums denied coverage or even denied a job based on their healthcare data 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