<p> the human influenza virus priority to recognize human type sialic acid receptor,stivali hogan, and the avian flu virus is a priority to identify avian-type sialic acid receptors. Under normal circumstances,scarpe hogan uomo, the bird flu virus does not come into contact with the human body. However,parajumper jas, in some cases,hogan rebel, such as human and avian relatively long-term close contact, such that the avian influenza virus has the opportunity to come into contact with people, and it is possible to repeatedly spread between birds and people with each other. In this case,hogan attractive, the bird flu virus may be some mutations cause HA key sites kinds of amino acids to change,hogan junior, so that the bird flu virus HA protein can bind to human sialic acid receptor type.</p>
<p> so the bird flu virus is likely to infect humans airway epithelial cells. This process makes the avian influenza virus to adapt to the new host to obtain a mutation,hogan outlet roma, of course, these mutations may not only include the changes in the HA protein amino acid. In addition, the presence of porcine respiratory and poultry while man-type sialic acid receptor, so human-type flu virus and avian influenza virus can infect pigs and are likely to occur in pigs in vivo recombination,hogan borse, so it is possible restructuring process making the original virus only infected birds to humans. (Freelance writer _ Yu Tao / virology researcher) Q: H7N9 virus from person to person spread it? # Person to person # A: No evidence of human to human transmission. And more than 600 people in close contact with bird flu, are not an exception occurs. Eight gene segments H7N9 virus is also no human influenza gene fragments. Therefore.</p>
<p> What factors determine the avian influenza virus to infect humans? #mutation# A: Bird flu virus could mutate so that the avian influenza virus hemagglutinin protein can bind to human type sialic acid receptors, so there may be infected with the avian influenza virus in human airway epithelial cells. Any kind of virus infection has a host-specific, depending on many factors, one of which the most important is whether the combination of the virus-specific host cell membrane surface receptors. Influenza virus infection is generally considered to host specificity, no cross-species transmission. Influenza viruses can infect humans typically human influenza virus (such as H1, H2 and H3 type) or a human-type and recombinant avian influenza virus type (such as H5 and H7 type,hogan outlet italia, etc.). In August 1997, scientists in China, Hong Kong A 3-year-old child flu deaths in vivo isolated the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus,hogan donna, which was first discovered H5 avian influenza virus infection of human cases in the world,scarpe hogan outlet, a total of 18 people infected in which six people died. It makes people realize that the avian influenza virus infection is directly across the species exist. Influenza viruses usually infect humans or animals airway epithelial cells, influenza virus and the host cell surface sialic acid receptor binding to mediate virus entry into the cell to complete replication. Such receptors in the human respiratory tract and the different types of birds respiratory tract.</p>
<p> such as the respiratory tract in poultry with -2,3 sialic acid receptor type based, so this receptor is also often referred to as avian-type sialic acid receptor; in person airway surface, mainly the distribution of -2,6 sialic acid receptor type, known as man-sialic acid receptors. Influenza virus surface called hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus tends to determine the type of binding which sialic acid receptor. Scientists after comparing different subtypes of influenza virus HA sequences found,hogan donna, HA protein of some kinds of amino acids at key sites determines its specificity for sialic acid receptor binding. In general.</p>
<p> it is yet to see clear evidence of human to human transmission. According to Guan's statement, the factors affecting the virus in interpersonal communication,pjs jassen, there are three: 1 receptor; 2, subtypes, H1,hogan rebel, H2, H3 three subtypes of influenza virus in humans can spread, H5,hogan prezzi, H7,hogan milano, H9 only occasionally infects humans,hogan napoli, temporarily unable to spread in the human body; 3,outlet hogan scarpe uomo, the degree of matching internal genes, internal genes of the virus in the human body and some reproductive efficiency is not high, it is not spread open, some viruses in the human body is very high reproductive efficiency, ability to communicate will be strong, unfortunately, the scientific community too little understanding of H7N9, it's kind of what happened gene variation need further studies.</p>
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