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By Dr. Odeen IshmaelAfter an extraordinary session of UNASUR’s Foreign Ministers in Bogota, Colombia on June 11, the veteran Venezuelan politician and diplomat, Dr. Ali Rodriguez Araque, was officially installed as the new secretary general of the South American union. He will exercise this role for one year and succeeds Maria Emma Mejia of Colombia who served for the firstDr. Odeen Ishmaelyear of the shared two-year term.At their meeting, the Foreign Ministers adopted a number of new rules for the organisation and approved a US$19 million dollar budget for the next two years. They also confirmed that UNASUR’s electoral council will mount its first mission to observe the Venezuelan presidential elections on October 8.In preparation for his executive role in managing the continental body, Rodriguez on June 4, had earlier visited Asuncion, capital of Paraguay, where he met with Paraguayan President Fernando Lugo, the current chairman of UNASUR. He later on the following day participated in the UNASUR Defence Council meeting in the Paraguayan capital.Speaking to the media after his meeting with President Lugo, Rodriguez said that the nations of the region have to protect and capitalise on the resources they possess, such as water, river energy, minerals and biodiversity. These,holesale Soccer Jerseys, he opined, will contribute to reduce the state of poverty for millions of South Americans.UNASUR itself, under the executive leadership of Maria Emma Mejia, continued during the first half of 2012 in executing its work programme in pushing towards the objective of South American integration. This programme included important meetings covering defence and energy issues which were convened during this period.DEFENCE COUNCIL MEETINGAs a main aspect of the work agenda, the South American Defence Council,Cheap NFL Jerseys, (comprising the continent’s defence ministers) met in Quito, Ecuador, 10 May for the release of a report by UNASUR’s Centre of Strategic Defence Studies (CEED) detailing each country’s military spending for the period 2006-2010. The CEED supports the work of the South American Defence Council which encourages cooperation in regional security matters and transparency in military spending while providing assistance in peace missions and natural disasters.The report reveals that during 2006-2010 UNASUR countries spent US$126 billion on defence. Actually, spending increased sharply, from $17.6 billion in 2006 to $33.2 billion in 2010.Brazil, with the largest territorial space and population, headed the list, accounting for 43 percent of South America’s spending total. Colombia was second, with 17 percent, and Venezuela third, accounting for 10.7 percent. They were followed by Chile (9), Argentina (8.3), Ecuador (4.5) and Peru (4).According to CEED, the overall expenditure on defence in the region as percentage of GDP remains stable averaging 0.91 percent, thus placing South America’s military spending well below other regions of the world.Significantly,NFL Jerseys China, the report points out: “The evolution of UNASUR defence budgets does not register significant variations in the period analysed and does not enable to establish an armament tendency or a militarisation of the region.”Taking military budgets individually in 2010, Ecuador was the country which most invested in defence, 2.74 percent of GDP; followed by Colombia (1.89), Surinam (1.49), Bolivia (1.47), Chile (1.4), Guyana (1.31) and Uruguay (1.06). The rest of the countries were below 1 percent. According to the Venezuelan news website, Venezuelanalysis.com, in 2009 Venezuela spent 1.4 percent of GDP on defence.Of the total expenditure, 58.7 percent of members’ military spending was to pay personnel, 23.5 for operations, 17.3 for investment, and 0.5 for research.In its analysis, the report shows that the average regional expenditure per person between 2006 and 2010 was US$67.4 and the number of soldiers to the civilian population was 3 to every thousand.The act of sharing this military information was regarded as “historic” by secretary general Maria Emma Mejia,Cheap Jerseys Free Shipping, who posited that the report broke the myths of Latin American militarisation and that military spending is detrimental to social development. She declared: “This spending supports the security and safety of South American citizens…because we can attend to citizens with logistics and emergency services. It is a benefit for social peace.”Ecuador’s Foreign Minister Ricardo Patiño, who hosted the meeting, said it would always be important for member states share details of their defence spending in order to establish ties of mutual trust within the union.Significantly, at the conclusion of the meeting, the representative of the UN General Secretary for Disarmament, Angela Klein – a guest participant – stated that the sharing of military spending information by UNASUR was “an exercise in transparency unseen in any other region of the world and a fundamental step in the construction of regional trust.”During the discussions, the defence ministers and other diplomatic representatives highlighted their intention to advance towards greater military integration through initiatives generating mutual trust,NFL Jerseys China, exchanging information and participating in joint military exercises.They also reiterated the objective of continuing military integration and proposed the establishment of a Citizen Security Council to coordinate the fight against transnational and organised crime.A follow-up meeting of the Defence Council,Wholesale NFL Jerseys, held on June 5 in Asuncion, Paraguay, formalised the report and presented an analysis of the CEED report widely regarded as a gesture of transparency and an expression of the new defence policy.In Asuncion, the Council also addressed the situation of UNASUR’s cooperation with Haiti. It regarded as positive the on-going aid but felt that UNASUR must draw up a timetable for its gradual military withdrawal from the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) without neglecting aid to the Caribbean nation.General Catalino Roy Ortiz, Defence Minister of Paraguay, stressed the terms for the final withdrawal from Haiti will be based on the existing safe environment and lauded UNASUR’s aid to the government and people of Haiti to guarantee safety and stability.THIRD UNASUR ENERGY COUNCIL MEETINGThe third UNASUR Energy Council meeting took place on May 18 at the headquarters of state-run oil company, Petróleos de Venezuela (Pdvsa), in Caracas. The Council agreed to create an ad hoc group, made up of appointees by UNASUR member states, to draw up proposals for a South American Energy Treaty and protect energy resources of the region. This group will work in coordination with experts in the energy sector and will present joint reports to the South American Energy Council.The Energy Council agreed to ratify proposals by its group of energy experts to continue working in cooperation with the Latin American Energy Organisation (OLADE) in activities aimed at energy integration in the region.The group of experts will also analyse the possibility of creating an investigations’ institute of UNASUR, which is intended to boost participation of the best talents in matters of energy in the region, including student exchange, in order to enhance the region’s technological training and development.The same group will set up a committee to handle energy planning aimed at identifying structural energy projects in South America. The Energy Council also agreed to hold in Caracas a forum of state-run oil and gas companies before the next UNASUR summit.Additionally, there will be a meeting of state-run electricity companies in Bogota, Colombia,Wholesale China Jerseys, in order to exchange experiences and boost “complementariness,” as well as another of energy technology in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to boost technology-energy exchange among the member states.The Energy Council reiterated the support and sovereign rights of member states to manage its natural resources, guaranteeing national energy security, as a public interest.Other UNASUR Councils are due to meet during the second half of this year while there will be follow-up actions as agreed to by those which have already met. The UNASUR summit in Paraguay and the South American-Arab summit in Peru, both scheduled for the last quarter of this year, will also present their own special challenges. The new secretary general, Ali Rodriguez, certainly will find his tasks in managing all these activities very pressing, but based on his wide experience in public policy administration, including energy management, UNASUR countries will definitely bank on his enormous talent to direct the union’s integration policies and programmes to the satisfaction all South American citizens.(Dr. Odeen Ishmael is Guyana’s ambassador to the State of Kuwait. He writes extensively on Latin American and Caribbean issues and is the author of several books including The Democracy Perspective in the Americas. The views expressed here are solely his own.)
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Some relationships just don’t last too long; some don’t even get started if the other is broke. This is exactly what happened some 10 weeks ago when investment suitors came rushing to the emerging markets with bags of money to mop up US$20 trillion of cheap Government securities going below a one per cent return. Now the tide of lenders is ebbing.Investors began pulling stakes with large scale selling of these assets amid fears that the US Federal Reserve may slash the monthly US$85 billion flow of easy money that kept short interest-rates here around zero per cent.The near zero rate has allowed the opulent investors to try their hand in the riskier emerging markets where a one-percent margin was better than nothing.At the end of April, the average yield to maturity for Bank of America Merrill Lynch Global Broad Market Sovereign Plus Index floated around 1.34 per cent. Then almost everyone was at the feeding trough.Analyst, Edward Al-Hussainy,NFL Jerseys Wholesale, an assistant VP at Moody’s, in a telephone interview from New York, noted that even the far flung Rwanda which had almost self destroyed by civil war a few years back raised US$400 million in bonds while hot spots like South Africa,Cheap NFL Authentic Jerseys, Colombia and Thailand creamed off their share of the financial largesse of low cost money.But not everyone had a seat at the table, Al-Hussainy, quipped: “The Dominican Republic was able to gain one billion in dollar bonds while most of the other Caribbean countries were unable to attract the attention of these investors”.Earlier this year, Caribbean countries restructured three bonds totaling US$9.7 billion but analyst say in the absence of real economic growth, countries in this region may spin in more cycles of default.“Jamaica and Belize hogged the lion’s share of some US$9.5 billion in restructured debt since 2006 and Barbados is running low on planned reserves. And overall, the average debt for the Caribbean to income ratio is about 70 percent with Jamaica ahead at 140 per cent,” Al-Hussainy said.In March, the government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines failed to auction EC $40 million (One EC dollar = US$0.37 cents) 10-year bonds in a period when carry trade investors were on the hunt to lend around the globe. At the close of the action only 11 bids valued at EC$ 25.9 million were tendered.In other words,Cheap Jerseys Wholesale, the Caribbean area was not credit-worthy enough to cash in on the sweet low cost money “and that is an opportunity lost,Cheap China Jerseys,” Al-Hussainy added.But Jamaican born, Peter Blair Henry, dean of the New York University’s Stern School of Business and a former professor of international economics at Stanford has an alternative view.“Short term debt such as bank loans and bonds require repayment when due irrespective of the country’s circumstances and when bad news circulates,Cheap Jerseys Free Shipping, lenders rush to get their money. So insolvent countries must carefully consider (other) financing options,” Henry Blair said.That’s the kind of scenario now being talked about where bad news chases away good money.Paul Christopher, the chief international strategist at Wells Fargo Advisors, told the Caribbean Media Corporation (CMC), a grain of information uttered in May in the form of a side-remark by Ben Bernanke, the Federal Reserve chairman, struck an ominous tone for the “carry trade where investors borrow at a lower cost and invest in another region that offers a higher yield”.The “odd issue of this phenomenon is that Bernanke was not suggesting an immediate policy change although it is expected that the fed will continue bond purchases for some time to come,Discount NFL Jerseys,” he said.The damage was already done,Cheap Authentic NFL Jerseys, regardless.“Between May 8 and June 20, the Bloomberg US Dollar Emerging Deposit Bond (Index) dived by 5.1 per cent,” he added.Christopher is nevertheless confident that the current violent market reaction may be stabilised “over the next six months but yields may be lower for the whole carry trade”.But even in the near future when the market settles, Henry says investors may not be stirred to invite some regional countries to the bond party “as profit seekers do not lend to governments that cannot return their money with agreed interest payments”.In other words, said he, “investors don’t want to be shaken by a heavily saddled debt burdened country”. (NEW YORK, United States)
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